NAD⁺ – Pre-filled pen 500mg

239,99 €

NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a fundamental coenzyme found in all living cells, essential for metabolic processes and proper cellular function. It participates in redox reactions by alternating between its oxidized (NAD⁺) and reduced (NADH) forms, enabling electron transfer necessary for energy production and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis.

Beyond energy metabolism, NAD⁺ plays a key role in DNA repair and gene regulation through enzymes such as sirtuins and PARP, contributing to neural cell protection, improved muscle function, and the reduction of aging processes.

Composition

Active ingredient: NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
Concentration: 500 mg in 2 ml of solution
Equivalence: 50 mg correspond to 20 units
Form: ready-to-use, reconstituted, and sterile solution

Note

Product intended exclusively for research use.
Product intended for research use. Not intended for diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of diseases.

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NAD⁺ — Essential Coenzyme for Metabolism, Longevity, and Cellular Function

NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a universal coenzyme found in all living cells. It represents the oxidized form of NADH and plays a crucial role in transferring electrons between biochemical reactions, supporting energy production and cellular homeostasis. Its primary function is to mediate redox reactions by alternating between the NAD⁺ (oxidized) and NADH (reduced) forms, a cycle essential for ATP synthesis and the maintenance of key metabolic pathways. Beyond energy metabolism, NAD⁺ participates in regulatory processes such as DNA repair, gene expression, and intra- and extracellular communication.

Biochemical Role and Cellular Pathways

NAD⁺ acts as a cofactor in hundreds of enzymatic reactions. In mitochondrial bioenergetics, it supports glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, functioning as an electron acceptor/donor to maintain the redox balance. At the same time, it serves as a substrate for sirtuins and PARPs (poly-ADP-ribose polymerases), enzyme families that link metabolism to chromatin state, DNA repair, and stress response. Sirtuins, which depend on NAD⁺, are involved in regulating gene expression, inflammatory control, and mitochondrial quality, while PARPs use NAD⁺ to coordinate DNA damage repair and ensure genomic stability.

NAD⁺ as an Extracellular Signal

In addition to its intracellular functions, NAD⁺ can also be released into extracellular spaces under specific physiological conditions. Research suggests that neurons in different tissues—such as blood vessels, the bladder, the colon, and certain brain regions—release NAD⁺ as a signaling molecule. This expands the understanding of its role: not only as an “energy carrier” but also as a mediator of cell-to-cell communication, possibly influencing smooth muscle tone and peripheral functions.

Cellular Aging, Homeostasis, and Resilience

The availability of NAD⁺ naturally declines with age and in many disease conditions. This reduction is linked to decreased DNA repair capacity, mitochondrial dysfunction, heightened inflammation, and impaired metabolic balance. Preclinical studies associate NAD⁺ modulation with benefits in energy conversion, DNA repair, immune defense, and circadian rhythm regulation. In animal models, restoring NAD⁺ levels has been correlated with improved mitochondrial quality, enhanced antioxidant balance, and greater functional stability of energy-demanding tissues such as muscles and neurons.

Mitochondrial Quality and Regulatory Networks

Mitochondria are increasingly viewed not only as “energy plants” but also as hubs for signaling that integrate innate immunity, metabolism, and stem cell activity. Within this context, NAD⁺ acts as a control node: adequate levels promote sirtuin-mediated deacetylation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and redox homeostasis. Conversely, low NAD⁺ levels have been associated with impaired nucleus-mitochondria communication, oxidative stress, and reduced cellular efficiency. In murine studies, replenishing NAD⁺ pools was shown to restore mitochondrial function and youthful gene expression patterns.

Nervous System, Muscle, and Vascular Health (Preclinical Evidence)

In experimental models, NAD⁺ supplementation has been linked to neuroprotection against oxidative stress, improved synaptic efficiency, and enhanced mitochondrial resilience. Adequate levels of the cofactor also regulate PGC-1α, a co-activator that promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant defense. In muscle tissue, NAD⁺ has been associated with preserved oxidative capacity and metabolism, resulting in improved strength and endurance in aged models. On the vascular level, preclinical evidence indicates improved endothelial function and reduced age-related arterial changes, possibly through its signaling role in smooth muscle regulation.

Enzymatic Interactions and Repair Mechanisms

One of the most studied functions of NAD⁺ is its role in activating sirtuins and serving as a substrate for PARPs. Sirtuins control genetic programs and chromatin structure, influencing cellular aging and inflammatory balance. PARPs, active in the DNA damage response, consume NAD⁺ to catalyze ADP-ribosylation; excessive activity may deplete NAD⁺ pools, linking nuclear metabolism to overall energy balance. Together, these pathways highlight NAD⁺ as a central hub connecting genomic integrity, metabolism, and stress response.

Circadian Cycles, Immunometabolism, and Systemic Function

The metabolism of NAD⁺ is tightly connected to the circadian clock, influencing daily gene expression rhythms and redox state. Within the immune system, NAD⁺ availability has been linked to inflammatory regulation and metabolic activity in immune cells. Enzymes of the salvage pathway, responsible for regenerating NAD⁺, are associated with inflammation and complex metabolic conditions, reinforcing the idea that NAD⁺ serves as a key integrator between metabolism, immunity, and aging.

Research Context and Intended Use

Sources and Further Reading

Peptide Technical Data

Sequence	N/A
Molecular Formula	C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂
Molecular Weight	663.43 g/mol
PubChem CID	925
CAS Number	53-84-9
Synonyms	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, beta-NAD, NAD, Endopride

Pens Storage

Storage Instructions – Pre-Filled Pens

Refrigeration: store at 2–8 °C to preserve quality and effectiveness.

Shelf life: the product maintains full stability and effectiveness for up to 12 months when properly refrigerated.

Temperature tolerance: the product remains stable up to 25 °C but should not be exposed to higher temperatures.

Avoid freezing: do not freeze; freezing may compromise the stability and effectiveness of the active ingredient.

Storage After Delivery

Store the pens in a refrigerated environment and away from direct light.

For use within a few weeks, regular household refrigeration (< 8 °C) is sufficient. Avoid direct exposure to heat sources.

Stability Notes

The pre-filled pens contain solutions already reconstituted and ready to use, therefore they require greater thermal care compared to lyophilized peptides.

Proper maintenance of the cold chain ensures maximum efficacy and molecular integrity of the active ingredient.

Disclaimer - For Research Use Only

I prodotti offerti da Pepticore Aminos sono destinati esclusivamente all’uso in ambito di ricerca e laboratorio e sono venduti unicamente a professionisti, istituti o enti qualificati. Tali prodotti non sono destinati al consumo umano o veterinario, né a qualsiasi applicazione che coinvolga organismi viventi, inclusi – a titolo esemplificativo – scopi diagnostici, terapeutici o ricreativi. By making a purchase, the customer declares that:

they are a qualified professional or entity, possessing the necessary competence, training, and facilities for the safe handling of chemical reagents;
they will use the product in full compliance with all applicable local, national, and European Union laws and regulations;
they will adopt appropriate safety measures during all stages of handling, storage, and disposal.

Prohibited uses:

The product must not be used as an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) in the manufacturing or preparation of medicines intended for humans or animals;
Any direct administration or use on humans or animals is strictly prohibited;
Pepticore Aminos does not endorse or permit the use of its products for the production, testing, or development of illegal substances.

Regulatory compliance: Pepticore Aminos non dichiara né implica che i prodotti siano approvati dall’Agenzia Europea per i Medicinali (EMA), dalla Food and Drug Administration (FDA) o da altre autorità regolatorie. Le informazioni riportate sono fornite esclusivamente a fini informativi e scientifici. Questi prodotti non sono destinati a diagnosticare, trattare, curare o prevenire alcuna malattia. Liability: L’acquirente si assume ogni responsabilità per la manipolazione, conservazione e utilizzo del prodotto in condizioni sicure e conformi alla legge. Pepticore Aminos non potrà essere ritenuta responsabile per danni diretti o indiretti derivanti da un uso improprio, dallo stoccaggio non corretto o da un utilizzo non autorizzato del prodotto. Pepticore Aminos si riserva il diritto di rifiutare la vendita a qualsiasi individuo o ente sospettato di uso improprio dei propri prodotti. In caso di dubbi sull’uso sicuro e legittimo del prodotto, si raccomanda di consultare un professionista qualificato esperto in ricerca di laboratorio.

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