GHK-Cu – Copper peptide for cosmetic use and hair growth research
GHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide) is a naturally occurring human tripeptide (Gly-His-Lys) complexed with copper ions (Cu²⁺), known for its regenerative, antioxidant, and anti-aging properties. Discovered in human plasma, it is one of the most studied peptides for its key role in tissue repair and in the modulation of cellular processes within the skin.
With aging, the plasma concentration of GHK-Cu progressively decreases — from about 200 ng/ml at 20 years to 80 ng/ml at 60 years — leading to reduced regenerative capacity and lower dermal firmness. The topical application of GHK-Cu allows localized replenishment of the peptide, stimulating fibroblast activity and improving the structural quality of the skin.
Mechanism of Action
GHK-Cu acts as a carrier peptide capable of delivering copper ions to skin cells, activating enzymes involved in the synthesis of collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans. It promotes fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue repair, enhancing skin tone, elasticity, and resilience. Its antioxidant activity also helps counteract oxidative stress and photoaging damage.
Cosmetic Use
In the cosmetic field, GHK-Cu Topical is used in external formulations such as serums, creams, and lotions with anti-aging, firming, and restorative properties. Clinical studies have shown that topical application of the peptide increases skin density, reduces wrinkle depth, and improves skin hydration and brightness. It is particularly effective in enhancing skin texture and promoting regeneration after intensive aesthetic treatments.
Abdulghani et al. observed that a cream containing GHK-Cu increases collagen production in photoaged skin, showing better results than vitamin C and retinoic acid. Other studies (Leyden, Finkley) confirmed significant improvements in firmness, skin clarity, and wrinkle reduction after 12 weeks of application, with no irritation or adverse effects reported.
Hair Growth Research
The GHK-Cu complex and its analogues are being studied for their ability to stimulate hair growth and regenerate the hair follicle. In vitro and in vivo research indicates that GHK-Cu promotes dermal cell proliferation and enhances scalp vascularization, showing an efficacy comparable to 5% minoxidil. This activity is attributed to the stimulation of growth factor production and the improved function of follicular stem cells.
Scientific Evidence
Beyond cosmetic use, recent studies have highlighted the role of GHK-Cu in cell regeneration and wound-healing processes. In diabetic patients, a 2% GHK gel increased ulcer closure rates from 60.8% to 98.5% and reduced infection rates from 34% to 7%. Other research documented the peptide’s ability to restore the function of fibroblasts damaged by radiation, support nerve regeneration, and enhance the activity of epidermal stem cells through increased expression of the p63 protein.
More advanced studies also indicate that GHK-Cu can modulate the gene expression of proteins involved in the metastasis of certain cancers, suggesting a possible protective effect even at very low concentrations. Although these findings are preliminary and focused on basic research, they confirm the biological versatility of the peptide and its potential in regenerative medicine and cosmetic science.
Directions for Use
GHK-Cu Topical is intended exclusively for external use in cosmetic and trichological research. It can be incorporated into high-purity topical preparations for in vitro evaluation or laboratory studies focused on skin regeneration and hair follicle stimulation. It is not a drug or medical product and must not be used for therapeutic purposes or administered to humans or animals.
References
- Pickart L. “The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling.” J. Biomater. Sci. Polymer Edn. 2008;19(8):969–988.
- Mulder DPM et al. “Enhanced healing of ulcers in patients with diabetes by topical treatment of glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine.” Wound Repair Regen 1994;2(4):259–269.
- Abdulghani AA et al. “Effects of topical creams containing vitamin C, a copper-binding peptide cream and melatonin compared with tretinoin on the ultrastructure of normal skin.” Disease Manag Clin Outcomes 1998;1:136–141.
- Leyden J, Stephens T, Finkey MB et al. “Skin care benefits of copper peptide containing facial cream.” Amer. Acad. Dermat. Meeting, 2002.
- Finkley MB, Appa Y, Bhandarkar S. “Copper Peptide and Skin.” In: Cosmeceuticals and Active Cosmetics, 2nd Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 2005:549–563.
- Ahmed et al. “Nerve regeneration by collagen tubes incorporated with GHK peptide.” J. Neurosci Res, 2005.
- Hong Y. et al. “Reversal of metastatic gene expression by GHK-Cu in colon cancer.” Surgery Department, Singapore General Hospital, 2010.
