Adipotide (FTPP) – Experimental Peptide and Targeted Lipolysis
Adipotide, also known as FTPP, is an experimental peptide designed to induce a selective reduction of adipose tissue through a completely different mechanism compared to traditional weight-loss approaches. Instead of acting directly on metabolism or appetite, Adipotide specifically targets the vasculature of white adipose tissue, inducing apoptosis of the blood vessels that supply adipocytes. Without nutritional input, fat cells undergo programmed cell death, resulting in a rapid and significant reduction in fat mass.
The peptide entered Phase I clinical trials in 2011 after particularly promising preclinical results in primate studies, especially in rhesus macaques. These studies showed that Adipotide can produce rapid weight loss, a reduction in BMI, improved insulin sensitivity, and even changes in eating behavior in treated animals. Its uniqueness lies in its ability to selectively alter the blood vessels of adipose tissue while preserving those of other body regions.
Mechanism of action and reduction of adipose tissue
The primary function of Adipotide is its ability to induce targeted apoptosis of the endothelial cells that form blood vessels within white adipose tissue. This process does not act directly on the adipocyte but cuts off its blood supply, inducing indirect cell death. This mechanism makes Adipotide a unique research peptide: rather than interacting with adipocyte receptors or complex metabolic pathways, it acts as a selective anti-angiogenic agent.
Studies conducted on rhesus macaques showed a significant weight loss even in overweight and obese animals. In addition to the reduction of fat mass, decreased insulin resistance was observed—one of the most important markers linked to the prevention of type 2 diabetes. The overall effect results in a marked decrease in BMI, an improved glycemic profile, and a reduction in hormonal alterations associated with obesity.
One of the most interesting findings from the studies is that animals treated with Adipotide exhibited a spontaneous reduction in caloric intake. The macaques changed their eating behavior, sharply reducing the amount of food consumed throughout the day. This phenomenon did not appear to be a primary effect of Adipotide but rather a consequence of the rapid remodeling of adipose tissue and the associated metabolic changes.
The role of the protein Prohibitin
The precision with which Adipotide acts may be explained by its interaction with a membrane protein known as prohibitin. This protein appears to be selectively expressed on the blood vessels that supply white adipose tissue and, surprisingly, also on certain tumor cells.
Studies show that Adipotide binds to prohibitin, enabling the peptide to target only the vasculature of adipose tissue without damaging healthy blood vessels in other areas. If confirmed, this would make prohibitin a highly specific target for new anti-obesity strategies and also for oncological applications, since many tumors depend on intense angiogenesis to grow and metastasize.
Adipotide and oncology
The presence of prohibitin on certain tumor cell types has attracted particular attention in the oncology field. Because tumors require a constant blood supply to grow, disrupting their vasculature can lead to a functional collapse of the tumor. Researchers have hypothesized that Adipotide may exhibit anti-angiogenic effects in these contexts as well, opening the door to potential applications in cancer research.
Adipotide could allow the development of more targeted therapies capable of attacking tumors without damaging healthy tissues, thanks to its potential specificity for prohibitin. Although studies are still in early stages, this is considered one of the most innovative and promising aspects of the peptide.
Effects on glucose and metabolism
In the metabolic field, Adipotide has shown remarkable effects on the improvement of glucose tolerance. Experimental studies have demonstrated that its ability to reduce blood glucose levels occurs independently of weight loss. This suggests that it is the selective loss of adipose tissue that improves insulin sensitivity, not weight reduction itself.
The ability to improve glycemia without requiring significant weight loss opens important perspectives in the study of diabetes prevention and management. The effects of Adipotide help clarify the biological mechanisms through which excessive adipose mass contributes to the development of insulin resistance.
Some hypotheses suggest that Adipotide may reduce adipose tissue primarily through a spontaneous decrease in appetite. However, a substantial amount of evidence indicates that the peptide produces structural changes in adipose tissue and improves glucose tolerance without relying on weight loss. This reinforces the idea that the observed mechanism is direct, mediated by apoptosis of fat-supply blood vessels.
Future research
Research on Adipotide mainly focuses on obesity, metabolism, insulin resistance, and diabetes. The peptide represents an innovative and radically different approach compared to current pharmacological and nutritional methods, as it intervenes directly on adipose tissue vasculature, selectively eliminating fat cells.
The fact that Adipotide is an anti-angiogenic agent makes it particularly interesting in the oncology field as well, since many tumors depend on heavy angiogenesis. The possibility of exploiting selectivity toward prohibitin may lead to new precision-based therapeutic strategies.
Adipotide shows low toxicity in laboratory animals, good subcutaneous bioavailability, and poor oral bioavailability—features common to other peptides. As with all compounds intended for preclinical research, the dose-response relationship observed in animals cannot be translated to humans and requires further investigation.
Scientific References
PubMed 22072637
PubMed 15133506
PubMed 22049339
PubMed 22733798
PubMed 22072637 (Duplicate Study Link)
PMC Scientific Article
Warning
Adipotide (FTPP) is intended exclusively for scientific research purposes. It is not intended for human, therapeutic, or veterinary use.
